Single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative composition and method of using the same

ABSTRACT

A dental restorative composition comprising: (A) polymerizable monomer(s) having at least one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; (B) polymerizable monomer(s) having a molecular weight of 100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; (C) polymerizable monomer(s) having a molecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and no acidic functional group; (D) photo-initiator(s); and (E) filler(s) each having a mean particle size of more than 0.005 microns and less than 70 microns. The weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10, the concentration of (A) is 10-50 wt. %, the concentration of (B) is 15-60 wt. %, and the composition has a shear bond strength of at least 10 MPa to both dentin and enamel. Also provided is a method for filling a dental cavity with the composition without first treating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates to a single-part, light-curable, self-adheringdental composition and a simplified method for filling a dental cavitywith this single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorativecomposition.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

There are several choices available as a filling material for filling adental cavity: a traditional amalgam (a silver-mercury alloy), a glassionomer, and a composite resin. In the past two decades, composite resinfilling material has become the material of choice for dentists forfilling dental cavities due to their exceptional esthetic properties,i.e. precise color-matching capability and excellent translucency.However, current composite resins generally do not have a self-adhesiveproperty and generally require pre-treating the tooth structure (ortooth cavity wall) with an adhesive to bond the composite to the toothstructure. For some adhesives, an etchant and/or a primer are needed toetch and/or condition the tooth structure prior to adhesive application.For a 4^(th) generation dental adhesive system, such as OptiBond® FL(Kerr Corporation, Orange, Calif.), the restorative procedures wouldinclude the following steps: (1) remove carious dentition (dentin andenamel); (2) etch the cavity wall with a 37% Phosphoric Acid Gel Etchant(Kerr Corporation, Orange, Calif.); (3) rinse the etchant off the cavitywall with water; (4) briefly dry the cavity wall with compressed airusing a dental air-syringe; (5) apply a layer of OptiBond® FL Primer(Kerr Corporation, Orange, Calif.) to the cavity wall; (6) evaporate thesolvent within the primer with compressed air using a dental syringe;(7) apply a layer of OptiBond® FL Adhesive (Kerr Corporation, Orange,Calif.) to the primer-coated cavity wall; (8) air-thin the adhesive withcompressed air; (9) light-cure the adhesive with a dental curing light;(10) place a composite resin filling material, such as Premise™ (KerrCorporation, Orange, Calif.), either in bulk (or single increment) or inseveral increments; (11) light-cure the composite resin of eachincrement; and (12) remove excess composite resin and polish therestoration. Because of the many components and steps involved with thecurrent dental cavity filling procedure using a composite resin fillingmaterial, the restorative procedure is quite complicated andtime-consuming. Also, the procedure could be quite technique-sensitiveas each specific adhesive has its own unique application procedure andcare has to be given for each step for ensure a successful restoration.In addition, because of the many materials and steps involved, therewill be increased chances for mistakes (i.e. using the wrong material orsequence of materials) and also contaminations due to saliva or bloodduring the procedure.

Recent development in the adhesive arena has simplified the restorativeprocedure to some extent with the introduction of various new primerand/or adhesive configurations: total-etch priming adhesive (the primerand adhesive are combined into a single part), self-etch primer (theetchant and primer are combined into a single part), and a self-etchadhesive (the etchant, primer and adhesive are combined into a singlepart). Nevertheless, an adhesive or an adhesive in combination witheither an etchant or a self-etch primer is still needed to bond thecomposite resin filling material to the cavity wall.

It is highly desirable to further simplify the cavity-fillingrestorative procedure by imparting self-adhesiveness to the compositeresin filling material and therefore eliminate the need for an etchantand an adhesive. To formulate a self-adhesive composite resin, adhesivemonomers need to be incorporated into composite resin to provide anadhesive property to the composite resin. However, most adhesivemonomers have high polymerization shrinkage due to their low molecularweight. The adhesive monomers generally have a high viscosity and tendto limit the amount of inorganic fillers that can be incorporated intothe composite resin, resulting in more polymerization shrinkage.Therefore, a self-adhering composite resin incorporating adhesivemonomers is expected to have excessive polymerization shrinkage uponlight-curing, exerting excessive shrinkage force at the bondinginterface between the composite resin filling material and the cavitywall. The excessive shrinkage force can cause debonding and thereforemicroleakage at the bonding interface, leading to secondary caries lateron. Another potential issue with a self-adhering composite resin fillingmaterial is that the material is expected to be quite sticky due to theincorporation of adhesive monomers and can further compromise thebonding interface due to excessive stickiness. Another issue with aself-adhering composite resin filling material is that the adhesivenessof the material would be compromised due to much increased fillerloading and therefore viscosity, making it difficult to effectively wetthe tooth surface to establish a reliable bond without the help of anetchant and/or an adhesive. For those reasons or issues, there is stillno viable commercialization of a truly self-adhering composite resinfilling material that would eliminate the need for an etchant and/or anadhesive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The current invention discloses a single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition comprising: (A) one or morefirst polymerizable monomers having at least one phosphorus-containingacidic moiety and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, (B) oneor more second polymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizable monomers having amolecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturatedgroups and no acidic functional group; (D) at least one photo-initiator;and (E) one or more fillers each having a mean particle size of morethan 0.005 microns and less than 70 microns wherein the weight ratio of(A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10. The concentration of component (A)in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of10-50% by weight, the concentration of component (B) in the restorativecomposition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 15-60% by weight, andthe composition has a shear bond strength of at least 10 MPa to bothdentin and enamel.

The invention also discloses a restorative method for filling a dentalcavity with the above self-adhering dental composition without firsttreating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive.The omission of the steps of treating the dental cavity with an etchant,a primer and an adhesive significantly simplifies the restorativeprocedure, resulting in significant time savings for the dentist.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The current invention discloses a single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition and a simplifiedrestorative method for filling a dental cavity with the self-adheringdental composition without first treating the dental cavity with anetchant, a primer and/or an adhesive. One benefit of the inventiveself-adhering composition is its excellent bond strength to toothstructure (both dentin and enamel) without the need for an etchant, aprimer and/or an adhesive. The excellent adhesion can reduce the chanceof de-bonding due to polymerization shrinkage of the material duringpolymerization and subsequent microleakage. Another benefit of theinventive self-adhering composition is its excellent mechanicalproperty, providing a restorative material that is strong and durable.Yet another benefit of the inventive self-adhering composition is itsincreased filler loading and therefore reduced shrinkage whilemaintaining a desirable viscosity of the composition, thereby leading toreduced microleakage. Yet another benefit of the inventive self-adheringcomposition is its reduced stickiness and therefore improved handlingproperty, thereby leading to reduced microleakage and contributing tolong-term success of the restoration.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the single-part,light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative composition comprises:(A) one or more first polymerizable monomers having at least onephosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (B) one or more second polymerizable monomers havinga molecular weight of 100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at leastone ethylenically unsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizablemonomers having a molecular weight of 270-900, at least twoethylenically unsaturated groups and no acidic functional group; (D) atleast one photo-initiator; and (E) one or more fillers each having amean particle size of more than 0.005 microns and less than 70 microns.The weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10, theconcentration of component (A) in the restorative composition, excludingfillers, is in the range of 10-50% by weight, the concentration ofcomponent (B) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 15-60% by weight, and the composition has a shear bondstrength of at least 10 MPa to both dentin and enamel.

The first polymerizable monomer (A) has at least onephosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated groups include,but are not limited to, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide,methacrylamide, and/or vinyl groups. Examples of phosphorus-containingacidic moieties include, but are not limited to, a phosphoric acidgroup, a phosphonic acid group, bisphosphonic acid group, a phosphoricacid derivative, a phosphonic acid derivative, and/or a bisphosphonicacid derivative, with a derivative being a salt or ester of therespective acid. Component (A) can be one or a mixture of polymerizablemonomers having at least one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and atleast one ethylenically unsaturated group. Examples of polymerizablemonomers having at least one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and atleast one ethylenically unsaturated group include, but are not limitedto, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate phosphate {(meth)acrylate=methacrylate oracrylate}, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate phosphate,hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate phosphate, hydroxyhexyl(meth)acrylatephosphate, hydroxyoctyl(meth)acrylate phosphate,hydroxydecyl(meth)acrylate phosphate, glyceryldi(meth)acrylatephosphate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate phosphate,pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate phosphate, phenyl(meth)acryloxyethylphosphate, and bis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, or combinationsthereof. In one embodiment, the first polymerizable monomer (A) has atleast one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least twoethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples of polymerizable monomerhaving at least one phosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least twoethylenically unsaturated group include, but are not limited to,glyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate, dipentaerythritolpenta(meth)acrylate phosphate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylatephosphate, and bis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate. In anotherembodiment, the first polymerizable monomer (A) is selected from thegroup consisting of glyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate, andbis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, or mixtures thereof. In yetanother embodiment, the first polymerizable monomer (A) isglyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate (also called “glyceryldimethacrylatedihydrogen phosphate”). The concentration of component (A) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 10-50% byweight. In one embodiment, the concentration of component (A) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 15-40% byweight. In another embodiment, the concentration of component (A) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 20-35% byweight.

The second polymerizable monomer (B) has a molecular weight of 100-250,at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenically unsaturatedgroup. Component (B) can be one or a mixture of polymerizable monomershaving a molecular weight of 100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, andat least one ethylenically unsaturated group. Examples of ethylenicallyunsaturated groups include, but are not limited to, acrylate,methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, and/or vinyl groups. Examplesof polymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of 100-250, at leastone hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated groupinclude, but are not limited to, the following:hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate,hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate; glyceryl di(meth)acrylate, glycerylmono(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethoxyethyl(meth)acrylate, or combinationsthereof. In one embodiment, the second polymerizable monomer (B) isselected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate,hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, glycerol di(meth)acrylate, glycerolmono(meth)acrylate, and combinations thereof. The concentration ofcomponent (B) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 15-60% by weight. In one embodiment, the concentration ofcomponent (B) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 20-50% by weight.

The third polymerizable monomer (C) has a molecular weight of 270-900and at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups and no acidicfunctional group. Component (C) can be one or a mixture of polymerizablemonomers having a molecular weight of 270-900 and at least twoethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples of ethylenically unsaturatedgroups include, but are not limited to, acrylate, methacrylate,acrylamide, methacrylamide, and/or vinyl groups. Examples ofpolymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of 270-900 and at leasttwo ethylenically unsaturated groups include, but are not limited to,the following: triethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate (TEGDA or TEGDMA),tetraethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethyleneglycoldi-(meth)acrylate, polypropyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate,polytetramethyleneglycol di-(meth)acrylate, trimethyloylpropanetri(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated trimethyloylpropane tri(meth)acrylate(ETMPT(M)A-nEO, n=total number of moles of ethylene oxide in themolecule, with n=3-15 being preferred), UDMA (reaction product of2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with 2,4,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate),ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate (“EBPAD(M)A-nEO”, n=totalnumber of moles of ethylene oxide in the molecule, with 2-15 beingpreferred), 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloylpropoxy)-phenyl]-propane(Bis-GMA), bisphenol A dimethacrylate. In one embodiment, component (C)is selected from the group consisting of TEGDMA, ETMPT(M)A-nEO(n=3-15),UDMA, EBPAD(M)A-nEO (n=2-12), and Bis-GMA, and combinations thereof.

For optimal adhesion and mechanical properties, the weight ratio of(A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10. With weight ratio of(A+B):(C)>90:10, the mechanical strength of cured composition will betoo low to function as a restorative material. With weight ratio of(A+B):(C)<30:70, the bond strength of the restorative composition totooth structure will be too low. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of(A+B):(C) ranges from 40:60 to 90:10. In another embodiment, the weightratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 45:55 to 75:25. In yet anotherembodiment, the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 50:50 to 75:25. Instill another embodiment, the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from30:70 to 80:20.

The restorative composition can further optionally comprise otherpolymerizable monomer(s) having at least one ethylenically unsaturatedgroup. Examples of optional polymerizable monomers include both monomershaving no acidic moiety as well as monomers having one or more acidicmoieties. Examples of optional polymerizable monomers include, but arenot limited to, maleic acid, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylicacid, maleic anhydride, 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride,4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid, (meth)acrylated homopolymer orcopolymer of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid {e.g. (meth)acrylatedpoly(acrylic acid), (meth)acrylated poly(acrylic acid-maleic acid)copolymer and (meth)acrylated poly(acrylic-maleic acid-itaconic acid)copolymer}, any addition product of mono-/di-anhydride compound with ahydroxyalkylmethacrylate compound (e.g. the addition product ofpyromellitic acid anhydride and glycerol dimethacrylate, the additionproduct of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride andhydroxyethyl methacrylate, the addition product of phthalic anhydrideand hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and the addition product of maleicanhydride and glycerol dimethacrylate), methyl(meth)acrylate,ethyl(meth)acrylate, propyl(meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate,hexyl(meth)acrylate, octyl(meth)acrylate, lauryl(meth)acrylate,decyl(meth)acrylate, tridecyl(meth)acrylate,2-ethoxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 2′-ethoxy-2-ethoxyethyl(meth)acrylate,ethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, diethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate,polyethyleneglycol mono-(meth)acrylate, polypropyleneglycolmono-(meth)acrylate, polytetramethyleneglycol mono-(meth)acrylate,hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl(meth)acrylate,N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide), N,N′-ethylenebis(acrylamide), andN,N′-butylenebis(acrylamide), or any mixture thereof.

The photoinitiator (D) can be any compound that can generate freeradicals upon exposure to a light source and cause the polymerization orhardening of the composition. The light source can be any dental curinglight that emits light in the visible or ultraviolet range. Examples ofphotoinitiators include, but are not limited to, diketone compounds,benzoin, benzoin ethers and esters, 2,2-diethoxy acetophenone,monoacylphosphine oxide, bisacylphosphine oxide as disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,792,632, which is expressly incorporated by reference hereinin its entirety, diaryliodonium salt, and triarylsulfonium salt, and anymixture of photoinitiators. Examples of diketone compounds include, butare not limited to, camphorquinone and 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione.Additionally, a coinitiator can be used together with a photoinitiatorto enhance curing efficiency. Coinitiators include tertiary amine andsulfinate compounds. Examples of coinitiators include, but are notlimited to, ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate,4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoic acid, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile,4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde,2-(ethylhexyl)-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate, N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminophenethyl alcohol, sodiumbenzenesulfinate, and sodium toluenesulfinate. In one embodiment, aphotoinitiator system includes the combination of camphorquinone and atertiary amine. Examples of tertiary amines include, but are not limitedto, ethyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoicacid, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile,4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde,2-(ethylhexyl)-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate, N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, and N,N-dimethylaminophenethyl alcohol. In anotherembodiment, a photoinitiator system includes the combination ofcamphorquinone and bisacylphosphine oxide or monoacylphosphine oxide. Inanother embodiment, a photoinitiator system includes the combination ofcamphorquinone, tertiary amine, and bisacylphosphine oxide ormonoacylphosphine oxide. In one embodiment, a photoinitiator may bepresent at a concentration of 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of thecomposition. In another embodiment, a photoinitiator may be present at aconcentration of 0.05% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) of the composition.

The filler (E) can be any one or more fillers that have a mean particlesize of more than 0.005 microns and less than 70 microns. The meanparticle size is measured by a particle size measurement instrumentemploying laser light scattering methodology. An example of suchinstrument is a Horiba Model 910 Laser Scattering Particle Size Analyzer(Horiba Inc, Irvine, Calif.). Filler (E) is selected from groupconsisting of metal, inorganic salt, oxide, fluoride, silicate glass,aluminosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, fluoroaluminosilicateglass, quartz, silica, zirconia-silica, and polymeric filler. In oneembodiment, inorganic fillers for increased x-ray contrast abilityinclude metals, salts, oxides, fluorides, silicate glass,aluminosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, andfluoroaluminosilicate glass containing elements of high atomic numbersuch as Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Hf, Zn, Bi, W, rare earth metals, andcombinations of these. Examples include barium sulfate, silver,strontium fluoride, barium fluoride, ytterbium fluoride, yttriumfluoride, barium tungstate, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, bismuth(III)oxide, bariumaluminosilicate, bariumaluminoborosilicate,strontiumaluminosilicate, bariumfluoroaluminosilicate,strontiumfluoroaluminosilicate, strontiumzincfluoroaluminosilicate,zincaluminosilicate, zirconiumsilicate, etc. Useful silicas includefumed silica, colloidal silica, and/or precipitated silica. Examples ofsilicas include Aerosil® series such as OX-50, OX-130, and OX-200 silicasold by Degussa (Ridgefield Park, N.J.), and Cab-O-Sil® M5 andCab-O-Sil® TS-530 silica sold by Cabot Corp (Tuscola, Ill.). The filleralso includes nanoparticles such as those obtained through a sol-gelprocess. Useful nanoparticles include, but are not limited to, silica,aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate,zirconia/silica, ytterbium fluoride, yttrium fluoride, aluminosilicate,aluminoborosilicate, fluoroaluminosilicate, or mixtures thereof.Mixtures of different fillers can be used. For inorganic fillers, thesurface of the filler may be treated or coated with a coupling agent toenhance the interfacial bonding between the filler and resin matrix andimprove mechanical properties. One useful example of a coupling agent isgamma-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxy-silane (MPTMS). In one embodiment,the one or more fillers in filler component (E) are non-reactive towardsthe acidic polymerizable monomers of component (A).

In one embodiment, for optimized filler loading, mechanical property,polymerization shrinkage, stability, and adhesive property of thecomposition, the inventive restorative composition comprises threefillers of different particle sizes.

For the first filler (E1), at least one filler having a mean particlesize of more than 4.5 microns and less than 70 microns can be used. Inone embodiment, the first filler has a mean particle size of more than 5microns. In another embodiment, the first filler has a mean particlesize of more than 10 microns. In yet another embodiment, the firstfiller has a mean particle size of more than 20 microns.

For the second filler (E2), at least one filler having a mean particlesize of more than 0.25 microns, but no more than 4.5 microns can beused. In one embodiment, the second filler has a mean particle size of0.3-3.0 microns. In another embodiment, the second filler has a meanparticle size of 0.3-2.0 microns.

For the third filler (E3), at least one filler having a mean particlesize of 0.005-0.25 micron can be used. In one embodiment, the thirdfiller has a mean particle size of 0.01-0.20 microns.

Components (E1), (E2), and (E3) are independently selected from thefillers described above for filler (E).

According to one embodiment, the first filler (E1) is a polymeric fillercomprising 5-100% by weight of polymeric matrix and 0-95% by weight ofat least one inorganic filler. In one embodiment, the polymeric fillercomprises 10-50% by weight of polymeric matrix and 50-90% by weight ofat least one inorganic filler. In another embodiment, the polymericfiller comprises 10-30% by weight of polymeric matrix and 70-90% byweight of at least one inorganic filler. In one embodiment, thepolymeric matrix comprises one or more thermoset materials. Examples ofthermoset materials include, but are not limited to, crosslinkedepoxy(ies), crosslinked (meth)acrylate(s), crosslinked polyester(s), andcrosslinked polyimide(s), or any mixture thereof. In one embodiment, thethermoset material is a crosslinked (meth)acrylate(s). The crosslinked(meth)acrylate(s) is obtained by polymerizing one or a mixture of(meth)acrylate monomers comprising at least one (meth)acrylate monomerhaving at least two (meth)acrylate functional groups. Any of the(meth)acrylate monomers discussed in previous paragraphs that has atleast two (meth)acrylate functional groups can be used.

As an example, the polymeric filler for first filler (E1) can beobtained by the following procedure. First, a homogenous mixturecomprising at least one crosslinkable monomer(s) and optionally a curinginitiator is obtained. The curing initiator can be a photoinitiator, aheat initiator, and/or a redox initiator. Next, the crosslinkablemonomer mixture is either directly polymerized or homogeneously blendedwith one or more inorganic fillers and then polymerized. The means ofpolymerization can be by light, by heat, and/or by redox initiator. Thepolymerized material is then ground into fine particles with a meanparticle size of more than 4.5 microns and less than 70 microns. In oneembodiment, the polymeric filler has a mean particle size of more than 5microns. In another embodiment, the polymeric filler has a mean particlesize of more than 10 microns and less than 60 microns. In anotherembodiment, the polymeric filler has a mean particle size of more than20 microns and less than 50 microns. Examples of suitable inorganicfillers for incorporation into the polymeric matrix include, but are notlimited to, the fillers described above for filler (E).

In one embodiment, the mean particle size of the inorganic fillersincorporated within the polymeric fillers is in the range of 0.005-20microns. In another embodiment, the mean particle size of the inorganicfillers incorporated within the polymeric fillers is in the range of0.01-4.5 microns. In yet another embodiment, the mean particle size ofthe inorganic fillers incorporated within the polymeric fillers is inthe range of 0.01-2.0 microns. In one embodiment, the polymeric fillercomprises 10-50% by weight of the crosslinked methacrylate(s) matrix and50-90% by weight of one or more inorganic fillers having a mean particlesize in the range of 0.01-4.5 microns, and the polymeric filler has amean particle size of 10-60 microns. In another embodiment, thepolymeric filler comprises 10-30% by weight of the crosslinkedmethacrylate(s) matrix and 70-90% by weight of one or more inorganicfillers having a mean particle size in the range of 0.01-2.0 microns,and the polymeric filler has a mean particle size of 10-60 microns. Inanother embodiment, the polymeric filler comprises 10-30% by weight ofthe crosslinked methacrylate(s) matrix and 70-90% by weight of one ormore inorganic fillers having a mean particle size in the range of0.01-2.0 microns, and the polymeric filler has a mean particle size of20-50 microns. In yet another embodiment, the polymeric filler comprises10-30% by weight of the crosslinked methacrylate(s) matrix and 70-90% byweight of one or more inorganic fillers having a mean particle size inthe range of 0.01-2.0 microns, and the polymeric filler has a meanparticle size of more than 20 microns. In one embodiment, the inorganicfiller comprises a radiopaque filler. In a further embodiment, theradiopaque filler is selected from the group consisting ofbariumaluminosilicate, bariumaluminoborosilicate,strontiumaluminosilicate, bariumfluoroaluminosilicate,strontiumfluoroaluminosilicate, strontiumzincfluoroaluminosilicate,zincaluminosilicate, ytterbium fluoride, yttrium fluoride, zirconia,zirconiumsilicate, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, thepolymeric filler is made of a polymeric filler dispersed in a polymericmatrix.

In one embodiment, none of the fillers are reactive towards the acidicpolymerizable monomer or component (A).

The concentration of total fillers (E1+E2+E3) ranges from about 40%(w/w) to about 95% (w/w) of the dental restorative composition. In oneembodiment, the concentration of total fillers (E1+E2+E3) ranges fromabout 60% (w/w) to about 90% (w/w) of the dental restorativecomposition. In one embodiment, the concentration of total fillers(E1+E2+E3) ranges from about 70% (w/w) to about 90% (w/w) of the dentalrestorative composition. The viscosity of the composition can beadjusted by varying the amount of total filler concentration. Low ormedium viscosity paste (40-75% w/w total filler concentration) will besuitable as a base/liner or flowable composite filling material. Highviscosity paste (70-95% w/w total filler concentration) will be suitableas a regular restorative filling material. In one embodiment, the totalfiller concentration is at least 65% by weight. In one embodiment, thetotal filler concentration is at least 70% by weight. In anotherembodiment, the total filler concentration is at least 75% by weight. Inyet another embodiment, the total filler concentration is at least 80%by weight.

In one embodiment, the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of theself-adhering dental restorative composition is less than 6.0%. Inanother embodiment, the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of theself-adhering dental restorative composition is less than 5.0%. Inanother embodiment, the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of theself-adhering dental restorative composition is less than 4.5%. Inanother embodiment, the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of thedental self-adhering restorative composition is less than 3.5%. In yetanother embodiment, the volumetric polymerization shrinkage of thedental self-adhering restorative composition is less than 3.0%.

In one embodiment, the shear bond strength of the dental restorativecomposition to both dentin and enamel are at least 10 MPa. In anotherembodiment, the shear bond strength of the dental restorativecomposition to both dentin and enamel are at least 12 MPa. In yetanother embodiment, the shear bond strength of the dental restorativecomposition to both dentin and enamel are at least 15 MPa.

In one embodiment, the single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of the current invention comprises: (A) one ormore first polymerizable monomers having at least onephosphorus-containing acidic moiety and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (B) one or more second polymerizable monomers havinga molecular weight of 100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at leastone ethylenically unsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizablemonomers having a molecular weight of 270-900, at least twoethylenically unsaturated groups and no acidic functional group; (D) atleast one photo-initiator; (E1) one or more first fillers that are apolymeric filler having a mean particle size of more than 4.5 micronsand less than 70 microns comprising 5-100% by weight of a crosslinkedpolymeric matrix and 0-95% by weight of at least one inorganic fillerhaving a mean particle size in the range of 0.005-20 microns; (E2) oneor more second fillers having a mean particle size of more than 0.25microns, but no more than 4.5 microns; and (E3) one or more thirdfillers having a mean particle size of 0.005-0.25 microns. The weightratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 90:10, the concentration ofcomponent (A) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 10-50% by weight, the concentration of component (B) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 15-60% byweight, and the composition has a shear bond strength of at least 10 MPato both dentin and enamel. All the descriptions and embodimentsdiscussed in previous paragraphs concerning component (A), component(B), component (C), component (D), component (E1) when it is a polymericfiller, component (E2), and component (E3) of the single-part,light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative composition apply tothis embodiment. In a further embodiment, component (E1) comprises10-30% by weight of a crosslinked polymeric matrix and 70-90% by weightof the at least one inorganic filler. In yet a further embodiment,component (E1) comprises 10-30% by weight of a crosslinkedpoly(meth)acrylate polymeric matrix and 70-90% by weight of the at leastone inorganic filler. In yet a still further embodiment, component (A)is a first polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting ofglyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate andbis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, or a mixture thereof. In yet astill further embodiment, component (E1) includes one or more firstfillers that are a polymeric filler having a mean particle size of morethan 10 microns and less than 60 microns comprising 10-30% by weight ofa crosslinked poly(meth)acrylate polymeric matrix and 70-90% by weightof at least one inorganic filler having a mean particle size in therange of 0.01-4.5 microns, the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from30:70 to 80:20, and the concentration of component (A) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 10-45% byweight. In further exemplary embodiments, the concentration of component(A) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the rangeof 15-40%, or in the range of 20-40%. In another exemplary embodiment,the first polymerizable monomer (A) is glyceryldi(meth)acrylatephosphate. In yet other exemplary embodiments, the weight ratio of(A+B):(C) ranges from 40:60 to 75:25, or from 45:55 to 75:25.

In one embodiment, the single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of the current invention comprises: (A) a firstpolymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting ofglyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate andbis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, or a mixture thereof; (B) oneor more second polymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizable monomer having amolecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturatedgroups and no acidic functional group; (D) at least one photo-initiator,(E1) one or more first fillers that are a polymeric filler having a meanparticle size of more than 10 microns and less than 60 micronscomprising 10-30% by weight of a crosslinked poly(meth)acrylatepolymeric matrix and 70-90% by weight of at least one inorganic fillerhaving a mean particle size in the range of 0.01-2.0 microns; (E2) oneor more second fillers having a mean particle size of more than 0.25microns, but no more than 2.0 microns; and (E3) one or more thirdfillers having a mean particle size of 0.01-0.25 microns. The weightratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 80:20, the concentration ofcomponent (A) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 10-45% by weight, the concentration of component (B) in therestorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 15-60% byweight, and the composition has a shear bond strength of at least 10 MPato both dentin and enamel. All the descriptions and embodimentsdiscussed in previous paragraphs concerning component (A), component(B), component (C), component (D), component (E1) when it is a polymericfiller, component (E2), and component (E3) of the single-part,light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative composition apply tothis embodiment. In one embodiment, the concentration of component (A)in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is in the range of15-40%, or in the range of 20-40%. In one embodiment, the firstpolymerizable monomer (A) is glyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate. In oneembodiment, the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 40:60 to 75:25, orfrom 45:55 to 75:25.

The dental restorative composition may further comprise at least oneingredient selected from the group consisting of a colorant, astabilizer, a UV absorber, a solvent, a fluoride-releasing compound, anantimicrobial additive, and a surfactant, or any mixture thereof. Forthe solvent, any solvent can be used. In one embodiment, the solvent isselected from the group consisting of ethanol, water, methanol, acetone,methyl ethyl ketone, isopropanol, and t-butanol, and any combinationthereof. In another embodiment, the solvent is selected from the groupconsisting of ethanol, water, isopropanol, and t-butanol, and anycombination thereof. In yet another embodiment, the solvent is water. Inone embodiment, the concentration of solvent is in the range of 0%-5% byweight. In another embodiment, the concentration of solvent is less than1% by weight. In yet another embodiment, the composition issubstantially free of any solvent or no solvent is added to thecomposition as a separate ingredient. The colorant is used to achievedesired shade and can be an inorganic pigment or an organic dye. Thestabilizer is a polymerization inhibitor or retarder to improve theshelf stability of the adhesive composition. Most commonly usedstabilizers include 2,6-di-(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol (“BHT”) and4-methoxyphenol (“MEHQ”). The UV absorber is used to improve the colorstability of the adhesive composition upon exposure to UV light. Anexample of a UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (“UV-9”). Afluoride-releasing compound is any fluoride-containing substance thatcan release fluoride into saliva, water, or surrounding dentition.Examples of fluoride-releasing compounds include, but are not limitedto, sodium fluoride, strontium fluoride, sodium hexafluorosilicate, zinchexafluorosilicate, rare earth metal fluoride such as ytterbiumfluoride, a salt formed by an amine and hydrofluoric acid, and a complexformed by an amine and BF₃, and combinations thereof. Examples ofantimicrobial additives include, but are not limited to, benzalkoniumchloride, iodoform, eugenol, zinc oxide, triclosan, alkyl4-hydroxybenzoate, silicate glass powder containing silver and/or zinc,and zeolite powder containing silver and/or zinc ion(s). Usefulantibacterial zeolites and their preparation are disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,911,899 and 4,775,585, each of which is expressly incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

A dispersant can be used to increase the filler loading in theself-adhering dental restorative composition to further minimizepolymerization shrinkage. In one embodiment, the dispersant has aphosphate group. In another embodiment, the dispersant is polymerizableand has at least one ethylenically unsaturated group. Especially usefultypes of polymerizable dispersants and their preparation are disclosedin U.S. Pat. No. 6,359,090, which is expressly incorporated by referenceherein in its entirety.

The current invention also discloses a restorative method of using thedisclosed single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorativecomposition. All the descriptions and embodiments discussed in previousparagraphs concerning the single-part, light-curable, self-adheringdental restorative composition apply to the restorative method of usingthe single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorativecomposition. In one embodiment, the self-adhering dental restorativecomposition of the current invention can be used as a self-adheringdental filling material, a self-adhering base/liner/adhesive (meaning abase, a liner, or an adhesive) material, a self-adhering dental sealant,a self-adhering dental repair material, and/or a self-adhering undercutblock-out material. In one embodiment, the method of using theself-adhering dental restorative composition of the current inventioncomprises: (i) applying the self-adhering dental restorative compositionto tooth structure; and (ii) subsequently hardening the composition bylight-curing the composition. In another embodiment, the method of usingthe self-adhering dental restorative composition of the currentinvention comprises: (i) applying the self-adhering dental restorativecomposition to tooth structure without first treating the toothstructure with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive; and (ii)subsequently hardening the composition by light-curing the composition.

In one embodiment, the disclosed single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition is used as a fillingmaterial for filling a dental cavity without first treating the dentalcavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive. The omission of thesteps of treating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and anadhesive significantly simplifies the restorative procedures and wouldresult in significant time savings for the dentists. In one embodiment,the cavity is filled with the disclosed self-adhering dental compositionin bulk and the composition is then polymerized by light-curing. Inanother embodiment, the cavity is filled with the self-adhering dentalcomposition in more than one increment and each increment isindividually polymerized by light-curing.

In one embodiment, the disclosed single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition is used as aliner/base/adhesive for lining a dental cavity without first treatingthe dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive. In thiscase, the self-adhering dental restorative composition is equivalent toa self-adhering adhesive. The lined dental cavity is then further filledwith a dental composite filling material (e.g. Prodigy™ or Premise™ fromKerr Corporation, Orange, Calif., USA; Bisfill II™ from Bisco,Schumberger, Ill., USA) and the filling material is subsequentlypolymerized. In one embodiment, the liner/base/adhesive is polymerizedor partially polymerized (e.g. by light-curing) before application ofthe dental composite filling material. In another embodiment, theliner/base/adhesive is not polymerized before application of the dentalcomposite filling material. In one embodiment, the same self-adheringdental restorative composition of current invention can be used as theliner/base/adhesive material and also as the filling material.

In another embodiment, the disclosed single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition is used as a repairmaterial for repairing damaged restorations without first treating thedamaged restoration with a primer and/or an adhesive. The repairmaterial is polymerized by light-curing after application. The damagedrestorations can be a composite, ceramic, or metal-based restorationssuch as a filling material, an inlay, an onlay, a crown, or acore-buildup material. Before the inventive self-adhering restorativecomposition is applied to the bonding surface of the damagedrestoration, the bonding surface of the damaged restoration can beoptionally roughened with a dental bur (e.g. diamond bur, carbide bur ora polymeric bur) or by abrading with fine alumina particles (e.g.particle size of 25-100 microns) or other fine particles (air-abrasion)to further enhance the adhesion. Examples of ceramic restorativematerials include porcelains, feldspathic porcelains, aluminousporcelains, lithium disilicate reinforced ceramic material such as IPSEris® (Vivadent, N.Y.), leucite reinforced ceramic materials such as IPSEmpress® and ProCAD® (Vivadent, N.Y.), glass infiltrated magnesiaaluminate spinell, glass-infiltrated alumina, and glass-infiltratedzirconia. Examples of metal-based restorative materials include metaloxide, non-precious metal alloy, and precious metal alloy. Examples ofmetal oxide restorative materials include, but are not limited tozirconia, yttrium stabilized zirconia, and alumina. Example ofzirconia-based restorative materials include Lava® (3M ESPE, MN),Cercon® (Dentsply, Del.), and Porcera® Zirconia (Nobel Biocare USA, CA).Examples of alumina-based restorative materials include, but are notlimited to, Vita® in-Ceram® alumina (Vident, Calif.) and Porcera®alumina (Nobel Biocare USA, CA). Examples of non-precious metal alloyinclude, but are not limited to, Rexillium III® (a nickel-chromiumalloy, Jeneric-Pentron, Conn.). Examples of precious metal alloyinclude, but are not limited to, gold alloy, and gold-platinum alloy.Examples of composite restorative material include, but are not limitedto, Premise™ (Kerr, Calif.), Prodigy™ (Kerr, Calif.), BelleGlass® NG(Kerr, Calif.), and Sinfony™ (3M ESPE, MN).

In one embodiment, the disclosed single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition is used as a dental sealantfor sealing/filling dental pits and fissures without first treating thedental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive.

In another embodiment, the disclosed single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition is used as a block-outmaterial to block out any undercut of a cavity or dental preparationwithout first treating the dental cavity/preparation with an etchant, aprimer and/or an adhesive.

The current invention also discloses a dental restorative kit comprisingthe disclosed single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dentalrestorative composition and an instruction for using the composition.The dental restorative kit does not include a dental primer or adhesive.All the descriptions and embodiments discussed in previous paragraphsconcerning the single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dentalrestorative composition apply to above single-part, light-curable,self-adhering dental restorative composition in the dental restorativekit.

In one embodiment, the instructions teach a method of filling a dentalcavity with the disclosed self-adhering dental composition without firsttreating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer, and/or anadhesive. In another embodiment, the instructions teach a method oflining a dental cavity with the disclosed self-adhering dentalcomposition without first treating the dental cavity with an etchant, aprimer, and/or an adhesive. In another embodiment, the instructionsteach a method of repairing a damaged restoration with the disclosedself-adhering dental composition without first treating the damagedrestoration with a primer, and/or an adhesive.

EXAMPLES Compressive Strength (CS) Test

The specimens were prepared by condensing the dental restorativecomposition, in paste form (referred to simply as “the paste”), into astainless-steel mold with a dimension of 4 mm (diameter)×3 mm (height),and then photo-curing the paste with a Demetron Optilux™ 501 curinglight (Kerr Corp.) for 30-seconds from each side. The cured disk wasremoved from the mold and conditioned in 37° C. water for 24 hoursbefore subjecting to mechanical testing on an Instron Universal Tester(Model 4202) in compression mode with a crosshead speed of 0.50mm/minute. The peak load at which the specimen broke was used tocalculate the CS expressed in MPa unit. Six specimens were tested foreach formula.

Diametral Tensile Strength (DTS) Test

The specimens were prepared by condensing the paste into astainless-steel mold with a dimension of 6 mm (diameter)×3 mm (height),and then photo-curing the paste with a Demetron Optilux™ 501 curinglight (Kerr Corp.) for 30-seconds from each side. The cured disk wasremoved from the mold and conditioned in 37° C. water for 24 hoursbefore subjecting to mechanical testing on an Instron Universal Tester(Model 4202) in compression mode with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/minute.The load was applied in the diameter direction in compression mode. Thepeak load at which the specimen broke was used to calculate the DTSexpressed in MPa unit. Six specimens were tested for each formula.

Flexural Strength (FS) and Young's Modulus (E) Tests

FS and E were measured from the same flexural test according to ISO 4049standard. The specimens were prepared by condensing the paste into astainless-steel mold with a dimension of 2 mm×2 mm×25 mm, and thenphoto-cured from both sides. The cured disk was removed from the moldand conditioned in 37° C. water for 24 hours before subjecting tomechanical testing on an Instron Universal Tester (Model 4202) in3-point bending mode with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The peakload at which the specimen broke was used to calculate the FS expressedin MPa unit. E was obtained from the slope of the stress-strain curve inthe initial linear region. Five specimens were tested for each formula.

The Volumetric Polymerization Shrinkage (VPS)

VPS was calculated based on the measured densities of the materialbefore and after light-curing with the Demetron Optilux™ 501 curinglight for 60 seconds (30 seconds each side). The density was measuredusing the buoyancy method in de-ionized water.

Shear Bond Strength (SBS) to Enamel

The enamel bond strength test was conducted as follows: Bovine enamelspecimens were embedded in cold-cure acrylics. A set of 6 specimens wasprepared for each group. The enamel surface was then prepared with afine diamond bur to create a new surface, and the surface was cleaned byrinsing with water and dried with compressed air from a dental airsyringe for about 3 seconds. Without etching the enamel surface with anetchant or conditioning the enamel surface with a primer/adhesive, thebovine enamel surface was then held securely by a bonding jig (UltradentInc., UT) with a cylindrical mold (Φ=2.38 mm). The self-adheringrestorative composition was condensed inside the mold, and light-curedfor 30 seconds using the Demetron Optilux™ 501 (Kerr, Calif.) dentalcuring light. After conditioning in 37° C. water for 20-24 hours, thebond strength was tested on an Instron mechanical tester (Model 4467,Instron, Mass.) in shear mode using a notched (semi-circular) edge at acrosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The SBS to Enamel was calculated bydividing the peak load by the bonding area and expressed in MPa.

Shear Bond Strength (SBS) to Dentin

Dentin bond strength test was conducted according to following method:Extracted human teeth were embedded in cold-cure acrylics. A set of sixspecimens was prepared for each group. A low speed diamond saw was usedto remove the crown and expose the occlusal dentin. The dentinsubstrates were polished with 240-grit and subsequently 600-grit SiCpaper, rinsed thoroughly with water, and air dried briefly. Withoutetching the dentin surface with an etchant or conditioning the dentinsurface with a primer/adhesive, the dentin surface was then heldsecurely by a bonding jig (Ultradent Inc., UT) with a cylindrical mold(Φ=2.38 mm). The self-adhering restorative composition was condensedinside the mold, and light-cured for 30 seconds using an Optilux™ 501(Kerr, Calif.) dental curing light. After conditioning in 37° C. waterfor 20-24 hours, the bond strength was tested on an Instron mechanicaltester (Model 4467, Instron, Mass.) in shear mode using a notched(semi-circular) edge at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The SBS toDentin was calculated by dividing the peak load by the bonding area andexpressed in MPa.

In this example, neither the enamel surface nor the dentin surface wasetched with an etchant or pre-conditioned with an adhesive beforebonding with the self-adhering restorative composition. Theself-adhesiveness of the composition toward both dentin and enamel wasclearly demonstrated.

Abbreviations for Materials Used in all Examples:

-   Bis-GMA: 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloylpropoxy)-phenyl]-propane-   CQ: camphorquinone.-   ETMPTA-3EO: ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate with 3 moles    of ethylene oxide-   EBPADMA-6EO: ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate with 6 moles of    ethylene oxide,-   GDM: glyceryldimethacrylate-   GDM-P: glyceryldimethacrylate phosphate or glyceryldimethacrylate    dihydrogen phosphate-   HEMA: hydroxyethyl methacrylate-   MEHQ: 4-methoxyphenol-   4-MET: 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid-   ODMAB: 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) benzoate-   PF: A polymeric filler with a mean particle size of 35 microns    comprising 19.4% by weight of crosslinked methacrylates and 80.6% by    weight of inorganic fillers. The crosslinked methacrylates are a    polymerized mixture of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and EBPADMA-2.5EO with    benzoyl peroxide heat-cure initiator. The inorganic fillers comprise    fumed silica (0.04 micron), Bariumaluminoborosilicate (0.7 micron)    and Ytterbium fluoride (aggregated 40 nm Ytterbium fluoride and the    aggregated particle has a mean particle size of 0.7 microns).-   ST-OX-50: fumed silica OX-50 surface treated with    γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.-   ST-BAS-1: Bariumaluminoborosilicate filler that has a mean particle    size of 1 micron and its surface was treated with    γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.-   ST-BAS-4: Bariumaluminoborosilicate filler that has a mean particle    size of 4 micron and its surface was treated with    γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.-   ST-BAS-10: Bariumaluminoborosilicate filler that has a mean particle    size of 10 micron and its surface was treated with    γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.-   ST-BAS-0.4: Bariumaluminoborosilicate filler that has a mean    particle size of 0.4 micron and its surface was treated with    γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.-   TS-530: Surface treated fumed silica or colloidal silica sold by    Cabot Corp.-   UDMA: reaction product of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with    2,4,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate-   UV-9: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-   YbF3: Ytterbium fluoride (aggregated 40 nm Ytterbium fluoride    particles and the aggregated particles have a mean particle size of    0.6 microns).

In all the examples for making the single-part, light-curable,self-adhering restorative material compositions, a homogeneous resinmixture was made first by mixing all resins with initiators andadditives that are soluble in the resin mixture. Then the resin mixturewas further blended together with various fillers to make therestorative composition, in paste form. Unless otherwise indicated, allparts and percentages are by weight in all examples.

The compositions used for all examples and their testing results arelisted in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Self-adhering Dental Restorative Compositions A B C D E F G H I(wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %)GDM-P 5.49 8.81 9.40 5.87 6.02 6.17 6.05 7.33 4.84 HEMA 8.24 8.81 9.405.87 6.02 6.17 6.05 4.07 6.05 4-MET 1.17 GDM 4.12 2.94 3.13 1.96 2.062.02 2.04 2.02 ETMPTA-3EO 1.37 EBPADMA-6EO 4.01 Bis-GMA 8.24 2.94 3.131.96 2.01 2.06 2.02 2.04 2.02 UDMA 5.87 6.26 3.92 2.01 4.11 4.03 4.884.07 UV-9 0.29 0.31 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.20 ODMAB 0.27 0.23 0.250.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 CQ 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.060.06 MEHQ 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 PF 49.00 33.0028.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 27.72 28.00 ST-BAS-1 46.40 20.00 38.13 22.5020.00 29.40 29.70 29.40 ST-BAS-0.4 34.00 ST-BAS-4 18.00 18.00 11.0010.89 11.00 ST-BAS-10 20.86 YbF3 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 9.90 10.00ST-OX-50 1.82 2.87 TS-530 3.09 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 0.99 1.00TOTAL, % 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00TESTING RESULTS SBS to Dentin, MPa (s.d.) 24.4 (8.7) 22.0 (5.4) 26.6(6.3) 21.2 (2.4) 20.7 (3.6) 21.9 (2.2) 21.1 (2.0) 18.3 (1.7) 23.7 (4.0)SBS to Enamel, MPa (s.d.) N/A 23.4 (6.0) 22.5 (5.7) 21.0 (1.9) 25.1(1.2) 25.8 (3.2) 25.6 (1.5) 20.5 (1.6) 24.9 (3.1) Compressive Strength,N/A N/A N/A 375.4 (40)   265.8 (16)   385.3 (9)   381.8 (27)   N/A 375.8(21)   MPa (s.d.) Diametral Tensile Strength, N/A N/A N/A 53.5 (2.5)53.0 (4.5) 56.6 (3.5) 57.5 (5.5) N/A 52.4 (8.6) MPa (s.d.) FlexuralStrength, MPa (s.d.) N/A N/A N/A 116.9 (7)   N/A 118.9 (12)   113.4(13.1) N/A 108.4 (5.3)  Volume Shrinkage, (s.d.) N/A N/A N/A N/A  3.32(0.17) N/A  3.36 (0.32) N/A N/A

All self-adhering restorative compositions exhibited good mechanicalstrengths and bond strengths.

Much simplified restorative procedures and significant time savings willresult when the inventive composition and method is used as aself-adhering dental filling material, a self-adhering dentalbase/liner, or a self-adhering dental repair material. As a result, thesteps of applying an etchant, a primer, and an adhesive to toothstructure are omitted. The self-adhering restorative composition isbonded directly to tooth surface either as a base/liner, a fillingmaterial, or a repairing material.

The above examples illustrate how the current invention is applied andshould not limit the scope of the invention.

1. A single-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorativecomposition consisting essentially of: (A) one or more firstpolymerizable monomers selected from the group consisting ofglyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate,bis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, and a combination thereof; (B)one or more second polymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizable monomers having amolecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturatedgroups and no acidic functional group; (D) a photo-initiator systemhaving at least one photo-initiator; (E) one or more fillers each havinga mean particle size of more than 0.005 microns and less than 70microns; and (F) optionally one or more ingredients selected from thegroup consisting of: a colorant, a stabilizer, a UV absorber, a solvent,a fluoride-releasing compound, an antimicrobial additive, and asurfactant; wherein the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to90:10; the concentration of component (A) in the restorativecomposition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 10-50% by weight; theconcentration of component (B) in the restorative composition, excludingfillers, is in the range of 15-60% by weight; and the composition has ashear bond strength of at least 10 MPa to both dentin and enamel afterbeing light-cured.
 2. The self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 45:55 to75:25.
 3. The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1wherein the concentration of component (A) in the restorativecomposition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 15-40% by weight. 4.The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1 wherein theconcentration of component (B) in the restorative composition, excludingfillers, is in the range of 20-50% by weight.
 5. The self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 1 wherein the ethylenicallyunsaturated groups in (B) and (C) are each selected from the groupconsisting of acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, andvinyl groups, or any combination thereof.
 6. The self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of claim 1 wherein the one or more firstpolymerizable monomers comprise glyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate. 7.The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1 wherein theone or more fillers are non-reactive towards the one or more firstpolymerizable monomers.
 8. The self-adhering dental restorativecomposition of claim 1 wherein component (E) comprises: (E1) one or morefirst fillers having a mean particle size of more than 4.5 microns andless than 70 microns; (E2) one or more second fillers having a meanparticle size of more than 0.25 microns, but no more than 4.5 microns;and (E3) one or more third fillers having a mean particle size of0.005-0.25 microns.
 9. The self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 8 wherein the one or more first fillers (E1) have a meanparticle size of more than 10 microns.
 10. The self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of claim 8 wherein the one or more first fillers(E1) have a mean particle size of more than 20 microns.
 11. Theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 8 wherein the oneor more first fillers (E1) are a polymeric filler.
 12. The self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 11 wherein the polymeric fillercomprises 5-100% by weight of a polymeric matrix and 0-95% by weight ofat least one inorganic filler.
 13. The self-adhering dental restorativecomposition of claim 11 wherein the polymeric filler comprises 10-50% byweight of a polymeric matrix and 50-90% by weight of at least oneinorganic filler.
 14. The self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 11 wherein the polymeric filler comprises a polymeric matrix,and wherein the polymeric matrix comprises one or more thermosetmaterials.
 15. The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim14 wherein the thermoset material is crosslinked (meth)acrylate(s). 16.The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 13 wherein themean particle size of the inorganic filler(s) is in the range of0.005-20 microns.
 17. The self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 13 wherein the mean particle size of the inorganic filler(s) isin the range of 0.01-4.5 microns.
 18. The self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of claim 13 wherein the mean particle size ofthe inorganic filler(s) is in the range of 0.01-2.0 microns.
 19. Theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 8 wherein the oneor more second fillers (E2) have a mean particle size of 0.3-2.0microns.
 20. The self-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1wherein the total concentration of the one or more fillers in therestorative composition is in the range from 40-95% by weight.
 21. Theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1 wherein thecomposition has a shear bond strength of at least 12 MPa to both dentinand enamel after being light-cured.
 22. A method of using theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1 comprises: (i)applying the self-adhering dental restorative composition to toothstructure; and (ii) subsequently hardening the composition bylight-curing the composition.
 23. A method of using the self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 1 comprises: (i) applying theself-adhering dental restorative composition to tooth structure withoutfirst treating the tooth structure with an etchant, a primer and/or anadhesive; and (ii) subsequently hardening the composition bylight-curing the composition.
 24. A method of using the self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 1 comprising filling a dentalcavity without first treating the dental cavity with an etchant, aprimer and/or an adhesive.
 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the cavityis filled with the self-adhering dental composition in bulk and thecomposition is then hardened in bulk by light-curing.
 26. The method ofclaim 24 wherein the cavity is filled with the self-adhering dentalcomposition in more than one increment and each increment isindividually hardened by light-curing.
 27. A method of using theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 1 as aliner/base/adhesive material comprising lining a dental cavity withoutfirst treating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or anadhesive.
 28. A dental restorative kit comprising the self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 1 and an instruction of how touse the composition.
 29. The dental restorative kit of claim 28 whereinthe instruction teaches to restore a dental cavity by first applying thesingle-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative compositiondirectly to the dental cavity without first treating the dental cavitywith an etchant, a primer and/or an adhesive.
 30. A single-part,light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative composition consistingessentially of: (A) one or more first polymerizable monomers selectedfrom the group consisting of glyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate,bis{hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate}phosphate, and a mixture thereof; (B) oneor more second polymerizable monomers having a molecular weight of100-250, at least one hydroxyl group, and at least one ethylenicallyunsaturated group; (C) one or more third polymerizable monomers having amolecular weight of 270-900, at least two ethylenically unsaturatedgroups and no acidic functional group; (D) a photo-initiator systemhaving at least one photo-initiator; (E1) one or more first fillers thatare a polymeric filler having a mean particle size of more than 4.5microns and less than 70 microns comprising 5-100% by weight of acrosslinked polymeric matrix and 0-95% by weight of at least oneinorganic filler having a mean particle size in the range of 0.005-20microns; (E2) one or more second fillers having a mean particle size ofmore than 0.25 microns, but no more than 4.5 microns; (E3) one or morethird fillers having a mean particle size of 0.005-0.25 microns; and (F)optionally one or more ingredients selected from the group consistingof: a colorant, a stabilizer, a UV absorber, a solvent, afluoride-releasing compound, an antimicrobial additive, and asurfactant; wherein the weight ratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to90:10; the concentration of component (A) in the restorativecomposition, excluding fillers, is in the range of 10-50% by weight; theconcentration of component (B) in the restorative composition, excludingfillers, is in the range of 15-60% by weight; and the composition has ashear bond strength of at least 10 MPa to both dentin and enamel afterbeing light-cured.
 31. The self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 30 wherein: (E1) the polymeric fillers having a mean particlesize of more than 4.5 microns and less than 70 microns comprising 10-30%by weight of a crosslinked poly(meth)acrylate polymeric matrix and70-90% by weight of at least one inorganic filler having a mean particlesize in the range of 0.005-20 microns.
 32. The self-adhering dentalrestorative composition of claim 31 wherein: (E1) the polymeric fillerhas a mean particle size of more than 10 microns and less than 60microns comprising 10-30% by weight of a crosslinked poly(meth)acrylatepolymeric matrix and 70-90% by weight of at least one inorganic fillerhaving a mean particle size in the range of 0.01-4.5 microns; the weightratio of (A+B):(C) ranges from 30:70 to 80:20; and the concentration ofcomponent (A) in the restorative composition, excluding fillers, is inthe range of 10-45% by weight.
 33. The self-adhering dental restorativecomposition of claim 32 wherein: (E1) the at least one inorganic fillerhas a mean particle size in the range of 0.01-2.0 microns; (E2) the oneor more second fillers have a mean particle size of more than 0.25microns, but no more than 2.0 microns; and (E3) the one or more thirdfillers have a mean particle size of 0.01-0.25 microns.
 34. Thesingle-part, light-curable, self-adhering dental restorative compositionof claim 33 wherein the one or more first polymerizable monomers areglyceryldi(meth)acrylate phosphate.
 35. A method of using theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 30 comprises: (i)applying the self-adhering dental restorative composition to toothstructure; and (ii) subsequently hardening the composition bylight-curing the composition.
 36. A method of using the self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 30 comprises: (i) applying theself-adhering dental restorative composition to tooth structure withoutfirst treating the tooth structure with an etchant, a primer and/or anadhesive; and (ii) subsequently hardening the composition bylight-curing the composition.
 37. A method of using the self-adheringdental restorative composition of claim 30 comprising filling a dentalcavity without first treating the dental cavity with an etchant, aprimer and/or an adhesive.
 38. The method of claim 37 wherein the cavityis filled with the self-adhering dental composition in bulk and thecomposition is then hardened in bulk by light-curing.
 39. The method ofclaim 37 wherein the cavity is filled with the self-adhering dentalcomposition in more than one increment and each increment isindividually hardened by light-curing.
 40. A method of using theself-adhering dental restorative composition of claim 30 as aliner/base/adhesive material comprising lining a dental cavity withoutfirst treating the dental cavity with an etchant, a primer and/or anadhesive.